Introduction
Airborne particles are a major cause of respiratory ailments of humans, causing allergies, asthma, and pathogenic infections of the respiratory tract. Airborne fungal spores are also important agents of plant disease, and the means for dissemination of many common saprotrophic (saprophytic) fungi.
Here we consider some important respiratory diseases of humans,the roles of airborne spores in crop diseases and the methods used to monitor spore populations in the air.
Air sampling is used routinely to monitor the populations of airborne particles, and to inform the public about air quality and pollen/spore counts through public broadcasting. It is used to monitor the populations of specific allergenic particles. And it is used in crop pathology for disease-forecasting, so that growers can apply fungicides as and when required.
Material
Molten nutrient agar
Sterile water
Sterile petri dishes
Sterile clinical swab
Pipette and tips
Procedure
Air:
1.Molten agar was poured into the sterile dish and cooled.
2.The lid was removed from the plate and the lid was leave for resting on the side of the plate.
3.The lid was replaced and incubated at 37C for 48 hours.
1.Molten agar was poured into the sterile dish and cooled.
2.The lid was removed from the plate and the lid was leave for resting on the side of the plate.
3.The lid was replaced and incubated at 37C for 48 hours.
Hands:
1. Hand was washed using sterile water. Soap was used.
2. 1ml of wash water was transfered to petri dish using an automatic pipette.
3. Molten nutrient agar was added to the petri dish.
4. The lids of the Petri dish was replaced and the dish was gently rotated until the wash water is thoroughly mixed with the molten agar. Agar did not com in contact with the lid of the dish.
5. After the agar has set, the dish is inverted and incubated at 37oC for 48 hours.
Ear:
4. Molten agar was poured into sterile petri dish and cool.
5. Using extreme care, a sterile swab moistened with sterile isotonic solution is rubbed into the ear of the subject.
6. The swab is used to inoculate the labeled plate.
7. Incubated at 37oC for 48 hours.
Normal breathing:
1. Molten agar is poured into sterile petri dish and cooled
2. The lid was removed and the plate was held about 15 cm from your mouth. Breathe normally but directly onto the plate for one minute. Lid is replaced back onto the petri dish.
3. Incubated at 37oC for 48 hours.
Violent coughing:
1. Molten agar was poured into sterile petri dish and cool.
2. Lid was removed and plate was held about 15 cm from your mouth. Cough violently onto the agar. Lid was replaced .
3. Incubated 37oC for 48 hours.
Result
Discussion
After the result obtained,we can see various types of calony marphology.there are few basic characteristics of colony marphology that are typically evaluated. These are the characteristics of colony marphology:
As we use different types of media which are prepared natrium broth and commercial broth, the colony morphology will differ for both types of the media.
Morphology of Bacteria Colonies of Ear
Commercial molten agar Prepared molten agar
Elevation: Raised Raised
Form : Circular Circular, Irregular
Surface : Shiny and Smooth Shiny and Smooth
Texture : Dry Dry
Colour : White, Buff, Yellow Buff, Yellow
Margin : Entire Entire,
Morphology Bacteria Colonies of Normal Breathing
Elevation: Raised, flat, crateriform Raised
Form : Circular, Irregular, Circular
Surface : Shiny and Smooth Shiny and Smooth
Texture : Dry Dry
Colour : Buff, Yellow Yellow
Margin : Entire, undulate Entire
Morphology of Bacteria Colonies of Violent Coughing
Elevation: Raised,convex Raised
Form : Circular Circular,filamentous
Surface : Shiny and Rough Shiny and Smooth
Texture : Dry Dry
Colour : Yellow yellow, buff
Margin : Entire Entire, Lobate
Morphology of Bacteria Colonies of Air
Elavation : Raised
Form : Circular,irregular,filamentous
Surface: shiny,smooth
Texture : dry
Colour : Yellow, buff
Margin : Entire, undulate, filiform
Morphology of Bacteria Colonies of Hand
Commercial molten agar Prepared molten agar
Elevation: Raised,flat Raised, crateriform
Form : Circular, Irregular Circular, Rhizoid, Irregular
Surface : Shiny and Smooth Shiny and Smooth, Dull and Rough
Texture : Dry Dry
Colour : Buff,yellow Yellow, buff
Margin : Entire, Lobate Entire, undulate
Leading research indicates there are many more individual species of bacteria on the hands than scientists once thought. Most of these bacteria are harmless, but they can cause disease if they enter the body through a break in the skin. The main pathogenic bacteria which are more likely to be found on the hands are Staphylococcus, Corynebacteria, Streptococcus, Myobacteria, and Haemophilus.
Because the ear is exposed to the outside environment, despite the best
efforts of the ceruminous glands, the healthy outer ear still houses a
variety of microbes. Some of the most common bacteria are Staphylococcus epidermis, Turicellaotitidis, Alloiococousotitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus saprophyticum. The most common fungal microbe known to reside in the ear is Candida albican
Our
mouth contains pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.
Some examples of these non-pathogenic bacteria are Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Micrococcus. The pathogenic bacteria are Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Streptococcus pyogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Whereas the pathogenic bacteria might cause strep throat, scarlet fever, diptheria.
Air also contains microorganisms. There are vegetative cells and spores
of bacteria, fungi and algae, viruses and protozoan cysts. Air mainly
is transport or dispersal medium for microorganisms.
The most common genera of fungi in indoor air are Penicillium Aspergillus.
For bacteria, the common genera found in indoor air are Staphylococci, Bacillus and Clostridium.
Our mouth is a home to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. The species of Staphylococcus most often found in the mouth
include Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus
aureus. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus
salivarius, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes all live
in the mouth. Lactobacillus bacteria also present in mouth. While most
of the rod-shaped E. coli in the body is located in the intestines, a
small amount of the bacteria is present in the mouth. Actually
the microbes during breathing and coughing are quite similar because
there are originated from the same place, mouth and nose cavity in human
beings.
Conclusion
1. There is no significant
difference between the commercial agar and own prepared nutrient agar except for a difference in the type of bacteria's in the colony
2.The observations show that our human
outer skin surface grows more bacteria than the inner body.
The exhale air has about the same contamination as the atmospheric air.
2. We learned that there different types morphology types in bacteria
References
- https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ear
- http://www.livestrong.com/article/201160-types-of-bacteria-on-childrens-hands/
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination
- http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=2089
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